The fresh new religion away from Judaism, in many respects, inherited brand new pre-exilic religion of the empire away from Judah
“Judaism” is a term designating the period regarding Israelite background hence began for the 538 B. The latest Temple was remodeled: sacrifices was indeed considering; hymns and you may Psalms was basically chanted, pilgrimage feasts had been again renowned. Judaism obtained a specific spiritual color after the proclamation off what the law states of the Ezra (Ne 8:1-12) regarding the Persian time. Gradually, the brand new synagogue turned into a key point from inside the Jewish lives. Varied attitudes into Forehead were a source of section to own Jews up to 70 Good.D., as is clear from the Samaritan schism along with the new Qumran manuscripts. Divisions predicated on some other interpretations of your own Legislation stayed pursuing the year 70 just as they did in advance of.
This new Samaritan neighborhood was a beneficial dissident category, shunned of the anyone else (Quand -26). It had been predicated on a specific sort of the fresh Pentateuch immediately following rejection of your own Jerusalem Temple and its particular priesthood. This new Samaritan Temple are built on Mt Gerizim (Jn cuatro:9,20). That they had their particular priesthood.
The fresh new dysfunction of around three “parties” or colleges out of consider provided by Josephus, Pharisees, Sadduccees, and you may Essenes (Ant.13:5,9; (*)171), are a good simplification that must definitely be interpreted which have circumspection. It’s possible to ensure that many Jews did not fall into any of the around three communities. In addition, the difference between the two prolonged outside of the religious.
They are the Hasidim otherwise “pious” just who participated in brand new Maccabean revolt (step one M 2:42), but afterwards believed betrayed of the Jonathan and Simon, brothers away from Judas Maccabeus, who approved fulfilling while the Higher Priests by the Seleucid leaders
The origin of your Sadduccees is probable that can be found from inside the new Zadokite priesthood of your own Forehead. They seem to turned into a distinct class within the Maccabean moments because of the newest finalized thinking of just one part of the priesthood into the Hasmonean rulers. The difficulty out-of precisely determining her or him is evident out-of a survey of period on the Maccabean revolt resistant to the Seleucids, away from 167, into the Roman intervention when you look at the 63. This new Sadduccees turned into more info on identified to the Hellenised aristocracy just who kept strength; it’s possible to surmise they had little in keeping towards average folks.
The origin of the Essenes, predicated on some authors, schedules throughout two hundred B.C. within the an atmosphere out of Jewish apocalyptic standards, but most see it since the reaction to new switching ideas to your Forehead beginning with 152, when Jonathan, aunt away from Judas Maccabeus, is actually anointed Highest Priest. What we should understand of one’s Essenes has been much more enhanced from the the newest breakthroughs, originating in 1947, of approximately 800 scrolls and you can fragments at Qumran, close to the Inactive Sea. Most students believe these records are from a group of Essenes just who dependent on their own on this webpages. In the Jewish Conflict, 307 Josephus gives an extended laudatory description out-of Essene piety and the traditions that, in manners, resembled a beneficial monastic payment. Disdaining the new Temple ruled because of the priests just who it evaluated to get unworthy, new Qumran classification molded town of your the covenant. They desired brilliance through rigorous observation of the Law, interpreted by the Professor away from Righteousness. They anticipated a certain messianic looks, an input by the Goodness who wreck all iniquity and you may punish the opponents.
The brand new Pharisees weren’t an excellent priestly course. Frequently, the latest seizure of your own High Priesthood by the Maccabees failed to proccupy them. Still, its https://datingranking.net/it/siti-di-incontri-ispanici/ extremely name, which suggests separation, is probably the result of solid problem of one’s Hasmonean descendants of one’s Maccabees, out of whoever expanding secularised signal it dissociated on their own. To the composed Rules, brand new Pharisees additional another Legislation off Moses, this new oral Rules. Their translation is actually less restrictive versus Essenes and a lot more innovative than the conventional Sadducees exactly who accepted only the authored Rules. Nevertheless they differed throughout the Sadduccees of the professing religion on resurrection of the lifeless plus angels (Ac 23:8), beliefs you to made their looks into the post-exilic several months.