Panel A states a restricted-cubic-spline area of your organization ranging from projected twenty four-hour urinary potassium excretion while the composite of passing out-of people bring about and you will biggest cardiovascular incidents. The brand new spline curve try truncated at cuatro.00 g a day (knowledge speed certainly one of professionals which have potassium excretion >4.00 grams on a daily basis, 13 occurrences into the 397 users). Data toward potassium removal was indeed destroyed having 58 players (0.1%). Therefore, the fresh new sample as part of the research for the ingredient outcome of dying and you will significant cardio occurrences is 101,887 users that have 3314 interracial video chat events. Committee B suggests a restricted-cubic-spline patch of one’s organization between projected potassium excretion and you will death away from any bring about. The function rates one of users having potassium excretion of more than cuatro.00 g every single day are cuatro incidents in 397 users. Committee C reveals a limited-cubic-spline plot of connection between projected potassium removal and major cardiovascular incidents (defined as passing from cardio explanations, myocardial infarction, coronary attack, otherwise heart inability). The event speed certainly members that have potassium excretion of greater than cuatro.00 grams a day are eleven events during the 397 players. non-Asian), alcoholic drinks consumption, body-size list, and condition with respect to all forms of diabetes mellitus, history of cardiovascular occurrences, and you will most recent smoking. Dashed outlines imply 95% count on times. The new average amount of potassium removal (dos.07 grams every day) try the fresh resource basic, conveyed of the purple line.

All the plots have been modified for years, intercourse, geographic region, academic top, origins (Western compared to

As compared with an estimated potassium excretion off lower than 1.50 grams a-day, a higher projected excretion of potassium is on the a decrease on dangers of demise and cardio occurrences on multivariable studies ( Figure 2 and you can Table 3 ); that it connection was mainly related to a reduction in the risk off passing (Desk S3 throughout the Second Appendix). There’s zero proof of a relationship anywhere between estimated potassium and you may sodium removal depending on the number 1 chemical benefit (P=0.55) (Table S4 on Second Appendix).

Subgroup and you may Sensitivity Analyses

Blood pressure levels within baseline (defined as a past medical diagnosis away from hypertension or blood circulation pressure > mm Hg) altered the new relationship between a leading projected salt removal additionally the ingredient outcome (P=0.02 for interaction) (Dining table S4 regarding the Secondary Appendix). Within the next research, there clearly was rather enhanced exposure observed one of players that have baseline blood circulation pressure and you can a projected salt excretion regarding 6.00 to help you 6.99 grams a day (possibility proportion, step 1.14; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.30) otherwise seven.00 g everyday or even more (odds proportion, step 1.21; 95% CI, step 1.05 to at least one.40), whereas there is certainly no extreme organization those types of rather than blood circulation pressure. There are hardly any other significant subgroup relations (Tables S4 and you may S5 regarding the Additional Appendix).

The exclusion of participants with cardiovascular disease (at baseline) or cancer (at baseline or follow-up) or those who had events in the first year of follow-up did not materially affect the findings from the sodium and potassium analyses. When participants with events in the first 2 years were excluded, the associations of a lower (<3.00 g per day) and higher (6.00 to 6.99 g per day) estimated sodium excretion with the primary outcome were significant ( Table 2 and Table 3 ). In a propensity-score–matched analysis that included 21,220 participants, a low estimated sodium excretion (<3.00 g per day), as compared with a moderate level (3.00 to 5.99 g per day), was associated with an increased risk of the composite outcome (odds ratio, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.46). In a similar analysis that included 40,618 participants, a high estimated sodium excretion (?6.00 g per day), as compared with a moderate level, was associated with an increased risk of the composite outcome (odds ratio, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.34) (Table S6 in the Supplementary Appendix). The results of analyses adjusted for regression dilution bias are presented in Fig. S1 and S2 in the Supplementary Appendix. The results of the array-approach sensitivity analysis are provided in Table S7 in the Supplementary Appendix.