This article publishes the fresh new AMS fourteen C dates from 13 ponies prior to now allotted to the new Migration several months, while the osteometric studies and you can ages of horses discovered within the Lithuanian cemeteries of your third–14th C Offer, more 200 anyone in total. The analysis show fixed the current chronology of the burials, additionally the osteometric analysis let another type of investigations off perhaps the ponies regarding Migration several months really are outstanding in proportions https://datingmentor.org/cs/polish-hearts-recenze/ from inside the the perspective from Lithuanian horses in the third so you can 14th C Offer. This new plentiful research plus anticipate an evaluation of your growth of the dimensions and you can period of the fresh horses when you look at the Lithuania within 3rd and you may 14th C Ad.
dos.step 1. Zooarchaeological Analysis
Nearly eight hundred pony skeletal stays found in Lithuanian burial web sites from the 3rd–14th C Offer have been analyzed ( Profile 1 ); not, on account of poor preservation, only over 200 people were right for after that dimensions and you can decades data. Brand new burial internet have been split into three chronological communities. A total of 21 people from 6 burial sites was tasked for the Later Roman–post-Migration period (3rd–7th C Advertising); 13 ponies using this period was basically personally AMS fourteen C-dated. They certainly were individuals selected to the 87 Sr/ 86 Sr investigation, the outcomes at which is had written inside the a special book . To help you separate between ponies (Equus caballus), donkeys (Equus asinus), and mules, the methodology revealed from the Johnstone is actually observed.
Place out of sites said from the text message: 1-Paduobe-Saltaliune III, 2-Pagrybis, 3-Pavajuonis-Rekuciai, 4-Plinkaigalis, 5-Taurapilis, 6-Marvele, 7-Degsne-Labotiskes, 8-Jaksiskis, 9-Kretuonai, 10-Salakas, 11-Varliskes, 12-Obeliai, 13-Pakalniskiai, 14-Masteikiai, 15-Kernave, 16-Memelburg (Klaipeda), 17-Vilnius.
Several, with the exception of eight someone, was basically based in the Marvele burial web site from inside the central Lithuania. Analysis of your own archaeological framework and also the grave items allows so you can grow dating of some of one’s burials into twelfth C Offer. For this reason, the specialized prevent of Viking period (1066) hasn’t been taken into consideration, each other by approximate relationships of them burial internet and you can of the historic and you will archaeological perspective: zero biggest get down a brief history away from Lithuania till the establishment of one’s county about 13th C Post is seen.
Ponies out-of around three burial sites dating back new thirteen–14th C Advertisement was indeed assigned to brand new medieval period. In this instance, a number of the burials could possibly day on twelfth C Offer however they are tough to distinguish on the later ones. The latest gothic pony classification and included bones of horses regarding a couple of castles and another city of the brand new thirteen–14th C Ad: twenty-five metatarsals and metacarpals was in fact chose of Kernave medieval urban area, nine on the Vilnius Down palace, and you may 8 out of Memelburg, new palace of one’s Teutonic Order, present-time Klaipeda. I have integrated ponies from the payment internet sites so you’re able to render once the mission an image of medieval ponies that you can, based just toward folks from average burial websites but plus from contexts associated with the greater social strata (Vilnius, Kernave) plus the Purchase. As a whole, this new stays from ninety-five everyone was checked out about medieval period. With this search, skeletal stays of all of the Lithuanian horses recognized to this new experts away from 3rd–14th C Advertising burial web sites were checked-out.
dos. Topic and methods
Many of the pony skeletons was basically badly preserved and a bad having osteometric studies, so that the amount of people varied regarding examination of what their age is and you can peak. The age of this new horses is estimated from the enamel eruption , don of your own incisors, while the top of your premolars and you may molars . Collection period of the epiphyses was also utilized for age evaluation. Withers height is projected regarding enough time bone proportions utilizing the fixed coefficients regarding Kiesewalter [34,35]. Ponies was in fact classified predicated on Brauner’s metacarpal and metatarsal slenderness list category . Dimensions based on von den Driesh were made playing with an osteometric panel and you can an electronic digital caliper having a precision off 0.01 cm. Pony skeletons was in fact sexed based on the presence of canine pearly whites in the men horses more cuatro–5 years old. Yet not, occasionally, intercourse of creature could not feel computed because of shed bones. Enough time bones dimensions, gender, in addition to age of each individual are offered in the Dining tables S1–S4. To check to possess significance, i made use of a t-decide to try. Assessed horses’ remains try kept in the brand new Zooarchaeological Data source away from Vilnius College or university, Faculty of history. Pony from Varliskes was stored in Kernave Art gallery, and you will pony skeletons out of Paduobe-Saltaliune III and you may Salakas was kept in National Museum of Lithuania.